Published August 2024

With the recent news of monkeypox (also known as Mpox) cases around the world, we have received many questions about what this virus is, how it spreads, and whether we should be concerned.

Monkeypox (MPXV) is a virus from the same family as smallpox and cowpox. It presents with a rash illness that may be mild and localised, or severe and widespread. There are two distinct clades of the virus: Clade I and Clade II. Clade II MPXV was largely responsible for the global outbreak in 2022 and is typically milder. Clade I MPXV is considered more severe, leading to its classification as a high consequence infectious disease (HCID). The Clade Ib strain has been identified in the most recent cases in Africa and Sweden.

The disease primarily occurs in Central and West Africa, though recent cases have been reported in other regions and countries. The virus can spread from animals to humans, and from human to human, through close contact with infected body fluids, respiratory droplets, or contaminated materials. The current risk to the general UK population is considered low, but risk factors obviously increase with travel to high-risk regions or contact with infected individuals.

Symptoms of monkeypox

The symptoms of monkeypox are similar to those of smallpox. After an incubation period of about 5 to 21 days, individuals may experience:

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches
  • Backache
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Chills
  • Exhaustion
  • Anal pain or bleeding from the rectum
  • A rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to other parts of the body, eventually forming scabs that fall off


The illness typically lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Most people fully recover, but some may become very ill. While you have symptoms, you can pass Mpox on to others. It is important to isolate if you suspect you have it or have been diagnosed with it. Diagnosis is confirmed via a viral swab taken from one or more open lesions, which will be sent to the laboratory for analysis.

Smallpox vaccine used to protect against Mpox

Currently, there is no vaccine specifically designed to protect against monkeypox. However, research has shown that the smallpox vaccine can provide effective protection due to the close relationship between the smallpox and monkeypox viruses. The smallpox vaccine has been estimated to be about 85% effective in preventing monkeypox infection. The vaccine is not currently available privately anywhere in the UK, but is being offered through NHS specialist clinics for those individuals likely to be at risk.

Who should consider the vaccination?

Given the recent outbreaks, certain individuals may be recommended to receive the smallpox vaccine as a preventive measure against monkeypox. These groups include:

  • People who have been exposed to someone with confirmed monkeypox
  • Healthcare workers and laboratory personnel who may come into contact with the monkeypox virus
  • Individuals in regions with ongoing outbreaks or those planning to travel to affected areas

Prevention and protection

In addition to vaccination, there are other steps you can take to reduce your risk of contracting monkeypox:

  • Avoid close contact with people who are sick or have symptoms of monkeypox.
  • Practise good hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water.
  • Use protective equipment like gloves and masks if you are caring for someone with monkeypox or working in an environment where the virus may be present.
  • Avoid contact with animals that could harbour the virus, particularly in regions where monkeypox is endemic.

What Concierge Medical can do for members

Members at Concierge Medical can ask their private GP for guidance on whether the smallpox vaccine may be appropriate for them, particularly for those at higher risk or have been exposed to the virus. Our private GPs are available to discuss concerns, provide up-to-date information, and guidance on taking the necessary steps to stay protected.

If you have questions about monkeypox, potential exposure, or the smallpox vaccine, please reach out to us.

Further information